What does 'b' represent in the regression equation?

In a regression equation, 'b' typically signifies the regression coefficient. This coefficient quantifies the relationship between an independent variable and the dependent variable. Essentially, it indicates how much the dependent variable is expected to increase or decrease when the independent variable changes by one unit, assuming all other variables hold constant.

For instance, in a simple linear regression equation expressed as Y = a + bX, 'Y' is the dependent variable, 'X' is the independent variable, 'a' is the regression constant (or intercept), and 'b' represents the slope of the line or the change in Y for a one-unit change in X. This slope is crucial for interpreting the strength and direction of the relationship between these two variables, reinforcing the importance of understanding what 'b' signifies in regression analysis.